The period from the 3rd to 7th centuries AH (9th to 13th century AH) is considered as the period of growth and prosperity in knowledge within the Islamic realm, which is why it is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age. Medical knowledge is one of the most important branches of knowledge that has grown during this period thanks to the efforts of the great scholars of Islamic civilization, especially Iranians. Hence, examining medical concepts during this period helps greatly in understanding the path of development of medical knowledge. Hot swellings (Uram Har) are one of the complications and clinical problems in the literature of Persian Medicine that have attracted the attention of scholars and physicians in this period. Prominent scientists of Islamic civilization have provided classifications and definitions about Uram Har and associated diseases related in their medical books. Therefore, via reviewing and analyzing these definitions and classifications, this study endeavors to explain different views about these Uram in order to identify the types of Uram Har. Examining the views of physicians of this period reveals various types of these Uram such as Jawarsiyya, Jadri, Jamrah, Namla, etc. The clinical symptoms and causes of these swellings have been studied by scholars in different periods, which have been discussed separately in this article. This study provides a comprehensive look at the classification of hot Swellings in Persian Medicine based on the views of physicians from the third to seventh centuries AH in the Islamic era, which can be the basis for future research in this field.

Background and Purpose: In recent years, the increasing use of herbal Medicine and its products has highlighted the role of herbal Medicine in the global economic cycle, leading to a substantial increase in investments in this industry. It is predicted that the value of global trade in herbal Medicine will reach $5 trillion by 2050. Meanwhile, Iran has a small share of global trade in this industry. This is despite the fact that Iran's climate and soil conditions are among the most favorable in the world for the cultivation and propagation of herbal Medicine, enabling the capability to grow and produce thousands of species of herbal Medicine. In this regard, examining the current status of the field of herbal Medicine and Traditional Medicine shows that there are numerous obstacles and problems facing this field. Studies show that a significant part of problems stem from improper implementation of the functions defined for the role-players in the field of herbal Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Materials and Methods: Given the importance of this issue, the present study has designed a system model withing the field of herbal Medicine and Traditional Medicine industry through a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing library study with reference to primary sources. Results: Findings show that the most important damage and problem identified in the field of herbal Medicine and Traditional Medicine is related to the lack of an independent structure for executive policy-making and integrated management of the supply chain of herbal Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Additionally, there are weaknesses in regulation and supervision of the activities of this field, particularly given the multiplicity of role-players and, indeed, the dimension of the governance system. Conclusion: Conclusively, to achieve the desired situation, the present study has developed a desirable structure in order to realize the desired governance system to realize the main functions of this system, including policy-making and strategic monitoring, regulation and arbitration, and governance control. Subsequently, the improvement action plan in the seven areas identified in the system model is depicted through a responsibility allocation matrix.

Background and Aim: Mongols, like other ethnic communities, have had principles in Medicine and lifestyle which have been influenced by their living conditions and environment. Finding Mongolian rules is a little difficult, because the Mongols lived in many lands during their life history and have always been influenced by the traditions and rules of a new land and Mongolian principles have been changed. As a result, it can be said that their medical beliefs also had many changes and have taken a new form. The aim of this study is to review the most ancient beliefs in Traditional Medicine and therapies of Mongols, to review the development of their Traditional medical knowledge and the current situation. Materials and Methods: In this research, historical books, articles and Internet resources about Traditional Mongolian Medicine were searched with the key words of "Mongol" and "Traditional Medicine". Findings: In this research, the effect of the Mongol’ s religious beliefs on treatment and health beliefs were assessed. The principles of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and the way of changes in Traditional Medicine knowledge under the influence of the medical knowledge of other nations and some of their therapeutic manners were expressed. Conclusion: The most important factors affecting Traditional Mongolian Medicine were their religious beliefs which have been very mixed with witchcraft. Their Traditional medical beliefs, practices have been gradually mixed with the traditions of other nations, such as "Tibet" and "India" and theories and techniques have been developed. Traditional Medicine now has a valuable place among the Mongols and is used impressively.

The earliest indications of medicinal plant use by humans were found in the Middle East and date back to the Stone Age. Travelers and traders introduced Greek and Roman Curative Practices to Indian & Chinese Practitioners, who blended them with their even older ones. Reintroduced by knights returning from the Crusades, these modified practices energized medieval European Medicine and the Unani Medicine al Muslims. This cross- pollination of ideas and theories between European and Asian Cultures regarding medicinal plants helped advanced knowledge about plants and somewhat standardize their uses. Books cataloging medicinal plants helped preserve, disseminate and standardize this knowledge.

Fever is one of the complications of the disease, whose etiology may remain unrecognized in diagnostic evaluations in some cases. Avicenna, the Iranian scientist, classified fever on the basis of the etiology of the involved organ, timing of fever, and the involved temperaments. According to him, the three types of fever are Dagh fever, phlegmatic fever, and daily fever. Avicenna emphasized on history taking and careful examination of patients and stated that the physician should ask about anything that is related to the events before occurrence of fever. It seems that understanding the ideas proposed in the Traditional Medicine can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment of the underlying causes of fever.

The approach of personalized Medicine has received a great deal of attention over the last century, emphasizing attention to the patient rather than the disease. Personalized Medicine tries to plan the patient's condition and treatment method by considering the culture, personal preferences and experiences and health beliefs of the person as well as the values and lifestyle of the person, and even considering the psychosocial condition. Acknowledging the lack of knowledge of Traditional Medicine such as Persian, Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicine about "Omixes", it can be argued that these medical paradigms have been emphasizing individual differences and their relationship with health for thousands of years. Many people know Iranian Medicine as the famous theory of temperaments and quadrant humor. Without entering into a philosophical fallacy about the abrogation or obsolescence of this theory, from a practical point of view, it should be said that the separation of human beings and attention to their inherent differences and consequently the same functions and responses of their bodies, whether congenital (Intrinsic temperament) and whether under the influence of extrinsic and environmental factors (acquired temperament) is the basis of this thinking. Therefore, every human being, in turn, is an independent book that is influenced by his inner and outer and all direct and indirect biological factors of his life, and the spectrum of his health and illness is defined in this framework. In this study, the relationship between Traditional persian Medicine and personalized Medicine has been studied.